Means for manufacturing hollow building blocks, tiles, and bricks



Nov. 6, 1934. T. KOIDL 1,979,626

MEANS FOR MANUFACTURING HOLLOW BUILDING BLOCKS, TILES, AND BRICKS FiledMay 31, 1953 c7 Ka/Z/ pvvewFo K Patented Nov. 6, 1934 PATENT OFFICEMEANS FOR MANUFACTURING HOLLOW BUILDING BLOCKS, TILES, AND BRICKS ThomasKoidl, Hoheneggelsen, near Hildesheim, Germany Application May 31, 1933,Serial No. 673,778 In Austria June 7, 1932 6 Claims.

This invention relates to improved means for manufacturing hollowbuilding blocks, tiles, bricks, and the like of clay and similar plasticsubstances. The device according to the invention consists essentiallyof a sleeve having a smooth inner and outer surface, the forward end ofthis sleeve taking the form of a cutting implement capable ofcutting'into the'material of the blockor tile. This operative end of the10 sleeve is so shaped as to providea constriction of the internaldiameter of the sleeve at this point, and the degree of constriction issuch that the operative end of the sleeve only takes in as much of thematerial of the work piece as can easily be discharged behind theconstricted portion of the cutter. In this manner excessive contractionof the material, which re-expands somewhat after traversing the maximumconstriction, is avoided, with the result that the excised plug does notseize or become jammed in the sleeve, and can be readily removed fromthe latter after severance. It follows that the hollow space in theprimary block can be so dimensioned that the plug removed to form thisspace can in its turn be used as a block or as a blank for themanufacturing of a hollow brick or tile. The contraction of the plugeffected during the cutting operation can also be so determined that theplug becomes elongatedand is of a final length greater than that of thehollow space formed in the primary block. It is in fact possible so todetermine the extent of this contraction and consequent elongation that,for example in manufacturing a hollow brick of standard length with asolid end wall, the plug removed to form the hollow space constitutes asolid brick of standard dimensions.

A constructional example of the embodiment of the invention isillustrated in the accompany- 4 ing drawing, in which:

Fig. 1 gives a diagrammatic representation of the hollowing implementwhich constitutes the essential part of the device according to theinvention.

Fig. 2 shows diagrammatically the type of means employed for theoperation of the hollowing implement.

Figs. 3 and 4 show modifications of the hollowing implement, in detailviews.

Referring to Fig. 1 in the form of construction shown the hollowingdevice consists of a full-walled sleeve 9 having smooth surfaces insideand outside. The forward end of this sleeve takes the form of a cutterand is provided with 55 a cutting edge a shaped to fulfil therequirement for which the implement is intended. The flank c of thiscutter merges into an off-set portion 7, and alsoprevents the occurrenceof frictional resistance between the plug e and the inside of the sleeveg. The plug of material engaged 2-0- by the cutter is compressed and issubjected to a smoothing and homogenizing action which is ,fullyequivalent to the known finishing treatment of hollow bricks and tilesintended for use in facing work. This improvement or finishing of thesurface of the plug e is ensured by the fact that there are no partswhich project into the interior of the sleeve.

The diminution or tapering of the internaldiameterof the cutter can beso determined that the plug e is elongated by the amount e, as indicatedin Fig. 1, this amount of elongation being equal, for example, to thethickness of the solid end, or closure wall of the block remaining afterthe removal of the plug, so that the plug e will be of the same lengthas a standard block or brick, provided the original hollowed block is ofstandard length. In short, it becomes possible, with the aid of thepresent invention, to vary the length of the plug obtained by suitabledetermination of the contraction of the plug during the cutting process.

Referring to Fig. 2, the sleeve y can be mounted by means of a holder ion a carriage 1', and can be adapted to be thrust forward by a simplearrangement of levers 10 into the material of the workpiece which isplaced upon a suitable base Z. This arrangement of levers also actuatesa severing knife m which is adapted to penetrate the work piece and tocut off the plug, and finally to be withdrawn simultaneously with thecutting sleeve. The severing implement is preferably dimensioned to suitthe size of the plug. The cut left in one wall of the hollow block bythis severing implement is of no consequence to the 5 severance and theoutside atmosphere, so that there can be no tendency for the formationof a vacuum on the removal of the severed plug.

With the described arrangement the plug left in the retracted cuttingsleeve is removed or is thrust out by the next working cycle. It is alsopossible to provide for the automatic removal of the plug, for exampleby the tilting of the sleeve between each working cycle and the next.

When a severing implement is used in conjunction with the hollowingcutter it can be advantageous, from the point of view of the readyextraction of the plug, to arrange for the hollowing cutter to terminateobliquely instead of, at right angles to the direction of the Workingmovement, and to arrange for the severing implement m to be so insertedthat it effects the severing of the plug 6 at a point lying in front ofthe rearmost portion of the cutting edge but behind the foremost portionof this edge (see Fig. 3).

The simplified form of construction of the cutting sleeve shown in Fig.4 is derived from the form shown in Fig. 1 by the omission of part orall of the body portion of the sleeve 9, so that merely the cutting edgea, the flanks c and d. and the off-set portion b remain, constitutingthe cutter proper. This cutter can be connected to operating mechanismof the type shown in Fig. 2, for example by holding means which occupybut very slight space and which, if desired, can be arranged to servefor the-supporting of the plug. This cutter can also be mounted in frontof the orifice of a trace press, in which case the column emerging from'the orifice passes partly outside and partly through the cutter, therebybeing divided into a core column and a hollow column.

' This method is useful, for example, in the manufacturing ofbricks'which are hollow from end to end, and permits of the simultaneousproduction of solid bricks with an improved or finished surface, asabove described, from the .core column. For the purpose of manufacturinghollow bricks with a plurality of hollow spaces or channels it is merelynecessary to employ a suitable number of vcutters of the describednature.

I claim:

l; A device for the manufacturing of hollow and also solid buildingblocks, tiles, and bricks of plastic materials by the forcible insertioninto a solid work piece of a hollow body adapted to separate a plug ofmaterial .therefrom, comprising in combination a hollow tubular memberhaving smooth outer and'inner surfaces, a cutter formed integrally withthe forward end of the said tubular member, and an inwardly extendingoff-set portion to the rear of the said cutter adapted to constrict theinternal diameter of the said tubular member in the vicinity of theforward and operative end.

2. A device as claimed in claim 1 in which the said cutter iscircumferentially uninterrupted while the said tubular member is reducedto portions thereof adjoining the cutter and adapted to serve forattachment and operation.

3. A device as claimed in claim 1 in which the said tubular member istapered, the forward and operative end thereof being of largercross-sectional area than the rear end thereof, and the cross-sectionalarea of this said rear end being greater than that of the said plugafter the same has passed the said off-set portion of the cutter.

4. A device for the manufacturing of hollow and at the same time ofsolid building blocks, tiles, and bricks of plastic materials by theforcible insertion into a solid work piece of a hollow body adapted toseparate a plug of material therefrom, comprising in combination ahollow tubular member having smooth outer and inner surfaces, a cutterformed integrally with the forform a plug therein, a severing implementcorin timed relation so that the plug is severed as the 1 tubular membercompletes its movement into the material, the severing of the plugserves to open the interior of the work piece to the outside air as theplug is withdrawn by the withdrawal movement of the tubular member.

5. A device as claimed in claim 1 in which the said cutter is obliquelyinclined to the middle axis of the said tubular member.

6. A device as claimed in claim 4 in which the said cutter is obliquelyinclined to the middle axis of the said tubular member, and in which theplane of movement of the said severing implement lies intermediate theforemost and rearmost parts of the cutting edge of the said cutter.

THOMAS KOIDL.

